Specialty >> fistula-in-ano
fistula-in-ano
A fistula-in-ano is an epithelial-lined tract connecting the anal canal to the perianal skin. Anal fistulas can have many causes but are most commonly the result of a previous or current anorectal abscess due to frequent infection of perianal glands. This occurs in up to 40% of patients with abscesses. Patients with fistulas commonly have a history of a previously drained anal abscess
Fistulas are classified by their relationship to parts of the anal sphincter complex (the muscles that allow us to control our stool). They are classified as intersphincteric, transsphincteric, suprasphincteric and extrasphincteric. The intersphincteric is the most common and the extrasphincteric is the least common. These classifications are important in helping the surgeon make treatment decisions
Anorectal pain, swelling, perianal cellulitis (redness of the skin), drainage from the perianal skin, irritation of the perianal skin and fever are the most common symptoms of fistula. Occasionally, rectal bleeding or urinary symptoms, such as trouble initiating a urinary stream or painful urination, may be present.
Treatment of fistulas depends upon many factors. First of all, your surgeon should examine and investigate thoroughly to know
- Tract direction
- Any active infection of fistulous tract
- Any branches
- Classification of the fistula.
Various surgical modalities are:
- The most common type of surgery for anal fistulas is a fistulotomy.
- LIFT procedure.
- VAAFT ..Endoscopic ablation.
- Laser surgery.
- Fibrin glue.
- Bioprosthetic plug.
- SETON
Frequently Asked Questions
An anal fistula is a persistent tunnel connecting the anal canal to the skin near the anus, often arising from improperly healed abscesses.
Anal fistulas typically result from chronic anal abscesses that fail to fully heal. Blocked anal glands develop an infection that tunnels to the skin, forming a fistula.
Options include laser ablation, sphincter-preserving procedures like LIFT (ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract), fistula plugs, and advancement flaps each targeting closure with minimal tissue disruption.
Minimally invasive treatments offer faster recovery, less pain, lower risk of incontinence, minimal scarring, and high success with sphincter preservation.
Recovery is generally swift many patients resume routine daily activities within days. Healing may complete within a few weeks, depending on the technique and complexity.
Yes,maintain wound hygiene, use sitz baths, manage stool with fiber and hydration, avoid straining, and follow your surgeon’s instructions to ensure smooth healing.
Risks are very low. Some patients may experience mild infection or recurrence. Since these are sphincter-saving procedures, the chance of incontinence is minimal. Most patients recover safely with excellent outcomes.
A colorectal surgeon evaluates you using clinical examination and imaging (like MRI). Candidates typically have fistulas suitable for sphincter-sparing techniques, with assessment tailored individually.
Minimal Invasive Proctology
